. I want to be able to buffer only the contents of the tables but not the header. The output buffer, on the other hand, will catch all output that takes place after ob_start() including (HTML) output of any warnings or errors you might have in the code before you call ob_get_contents(); Usually, if you just need to format a string with HTML, just use HEREDOC or regular string notation. Once again, using [my-info display=”email”] will return only the email section of the information but it will use a span tag with color red to wrap the content. Here you’ll find a list of the Filter Hooks available for Tutor LMS. The function will be called when the output buffer is flushed (sent) or cleaned (with ob_flush(), ob_clean() or similar function) or when the output buffer is flushed to the browser at the. However, ob_get_flush first sends the current buffer to the client, whereas ob_get_clean just discards it. ob_get_clean. Here’s an example. Let's say i have a file consisting of 5 lines of text and every line has 50 chars. Unless the string is returned it will not be displayed. The ob_get_length () function returns the length of the topmost output buffer's contents in bytes. 90% of the times I use PHP’s output buffer, I actually just retrieve the contents of it with a call to ob_get_clean() which does three things together: fetch the contents of the buffer, clean out the buffer, and turn off further buffering. File Location: /tutor/classes/Admin. Output buffering should be taking place inside your shortcode. Stack Overflow Public questions & answers; Stack Overflow for Teams Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers; Talent Build your employer brand ; Advertising Reach developers & technologists worldwide; Labs The future of collective knowledge sharing; About the companyDescription ¶. x and PHP 5. The output buffering functions are also useful in hackery to coerce functions that only print to return strings, ie. Function. Return Values ¶ This will return the contents of the output buffer or false, if output buffering isn't active. You would also need chunked headers – mousetail. You may execute ob_end_clean() to discard (clean) buffer. Learn more about CollectivesYou have to differentiate two things: Do you want to capture the output (echo, print,. ob_get_clean(): Three Birds, One Stone. ob_list_handlers — List all output handlers in use. Cette fonction vide le tampon de sortie sans l'envoyer au navigateur. function test_shortcodes () { return 'Shortcodes are working!'; } add_shortcode ('test_shortcodes', 'test_shortcodes'); I have. El búfer de salida debe estar iniciado por ob_start () con el indicador PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_CLEANABLE Si no, ob_get_clean () no funcionará. Provide details and share your research! But avoid. output_compres. The ob_get_level () function indicates how many output buffers are currently on the stack. I. For example: ob_start (); echo "hello"; echo " cyber "; echo "world"; ob_flush (); Instead of doing 3 separate echo, this will hold “hello cyber. Looks like half my answer was hidden due to my misplacement of the code formatting. Example #1 A simple ob_get_length() example. Try using output buffer like this : ob_start (); // your includes echo ob_get_clean (); Use this in all of your includes, and you will not get any errors. htaccess. 6. Finally, you can print or save the contents. Handling ressources easily. Example Get your own PHP Server. The ob_get_contents () function has different return behaivor in PHP 5. to determine the output buffer level at the start and end of the affected test. Enabling output buffering decreases the download time it takes and renders the HTML in the browser. This function will send the contents of the output buffer (if any). We then include the file which will execute PHP normally. The problem is that sometimes I need the contents of the PHP file 20 - 30 times in 1 call. I am trying to make complex template library. From PHP 5. Notice that “Hello All!” wasn’t printed because we cleaned the output buffer it. ob_get_flush () flushes the output buffer, return it as a string and turns off output buffering. I have a script that echo out content in a php script and resulting in a very large file, e. ob_start() start output buffering3. According to the documentation: ob_get_clean (). One way of outputting a webpage to mPDF without re-writing your scripts too much, is to buffer the output: MpdfMpdf () - Initialise an instance of mPDF class, and specify configuration. ob_implicit_flush — Turn implicit flush on/off. Facebook Twitter. I need a safe way to hide the WP warnings, but I can't break GZIP enabled configurations ( some plugin I suspect). Store new value with phpScript1. Renders a JS template for the content of date time control. php"; include "view/footer. s. No, this is not a correct use for ob_start(). The ob_get_clean() function is the combination of both ob_get_contents() and ob_end_clean(). The ob_start () of the PHP Programming Language helps in enabling the Output Buffer/Buffering before any type of echoing in any type of some HTML content in the PHP script. get_the_title() and get_the_post_thumbnail(). console. The ob_get_clean() function returns the contents of the output buffer and then deletes the contents from the buffer. Essentially, an output buffer in PHP catches anything that would have been output to the browser (excluding headers). ob_start(); exec($code); $output = ob_get_contents(); ob_end_clean(); return $output;}. Sometimes it is turned on by default in PHP's configuration, and sometimes it is not. were added below code at the beginning of file:if you want the php code to be executed, use include. The ob_get_clean() function is an in-built PHP function that is used to clean or delete the current output buffer. WordPress Shortcode with ob_start() This file contains bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below. <?php ob_start (); echo 'a'; print 'b'; // some statement that removes all printed/echoed items ob_end_clean (); echo 'c'; // the final output is equal to 'c', not 'abc' ?>. I think that function will be prone to further bugs, therefor using ob_start/ob_end_clean is easier to comprehend. Tour Start here for a quick overview of the site Help Center Detailed answers to any questions you might have Meta Discuss the workings and policies of this siteParameters. I managed to sort out the issue by just closing of all output buffering before ending the. Instead of sending content instantly to a client as it is echo 'ed from a script, PHP uses output buffering to hold content until it is flushed at the end of a script. To do this correctly you should be doing ob_start() after ob_get_clean() because ob_get_clean() gets the current buffer contents and delete the current output buffer. Sintaxis: string|false ob_get_clean();ob_start(); debug_print_backtrace(); error_log(ob_get_clean()); This uses PHP’s built-in buffer as well as the previously mentioned error_log() function to provide insight as to the source of errors produced by an application. Both functions clear the output buffer, turn off output buffering, and return the previous buffer value. Trong PHP vốn đã chạy nhanh nay còn có thêm cơ chế cache làm cho ngôn ngữ PHP ngày càng hoàn hảo. ob_get_clean does two things: it gets the contents of the buffer as a string, and it cleans out the buffer. ob_get_clean(): 1) Gets the current output buffer content and delete current output buffer. Description ¶. There is a compatibility issue because the Output Buffering has been changed in PHP 8. For example: use function OutputControlob_start; use function OutputControlob_end_flush; use function OutputControlob_get_clean; ob_start ();. The function ob_get_clean generates a string output which contains the output buffer entered since the previous ob_start() call. txt file contain a new line - " " at the end, except for the data10. Extra set of functions calls, wordpress style, so that "somefunc()" does direct output, and "get_somefunc()" returns the output instead Add an extra parameter to the functions to signal if they should output or return, much like print_r()'s flag. PHP output buffering is an efficient way of giving an output to the end-user by keeping the data into a buffer before putting it to the browser it keeps the data on hold and then it assigns a variable to make the reference as it gives programmers the ability to change and manipulate it accordingly for the end-user with proper requirement. engine. 22. Add a comment. I doubt it. 4 ob_* functions. Delete an output buffer without sending its contents to the browser: <?php. Table of Contents flush — 출력 버퍼를 비웁니다 ob_clean — 출력 버퍼를 지웁니다 ob_end_clean — 출력 버퍼를 지우고 출력 버퍼링을 종료 ob_end_flush — 출력 버퍼를 전송하고 출력 버퍼링을 종료 ob_flush — 출력 버퍼를 전송합니다 ob_get_clean — 현재 버퍼. In PHP 8. This function takes a string as a parameter and should return a string. We hope this article has been informative and useful in understanding the ob_start () function in PHP. Using the ob_get_level() function is straightforward. ob_start (), ob_get_clean. This function does not destroy the output buffer like ob_end_flush. Here is how cascaded calls will look like:PHP’s ob_start() and ob_get_clean() are useful for buffering output of printed content and so forth, but I use them very rarely and tend to forget their order/syntax. Sorry to resurrect a 4 year old post, but I stumbled across it and wanted to point out that ob_get_contents() followed by ob_clean() is not exactly the same as ob_get_clean(). Otherwise ob_get_clean() will not work. Hi again! I made it private because I was under the assumption that no one would need it, and I was planning to rewrite the output API — this probably won’t happen anytime soon. Removing ob_start() and echo ob_get_clean() returns the same result on the admin page. The problem with this is, that you have “ob_get_clean” outside the “if”, where “ob_start” is. net for ob_clean(). 2) The function return TRUE on success and FALSE on failure. i am using the Gzip commpressionand Zlib commpression to speed up my website I have used below code ob_start("ob_gzhandler"); in common file that are include on all pages and lib. The problem with this is, that you have “ob_get_clean” outside the “if”, where “ob_start” is. creates true color GD image object with specified width & height. This allows you to capture whatever the script sends as output in a variable: This allows you to capture whatever the script sends as output in a variable:You should first start the output buffering by placing a call to ob_start(); before your inclusion. htaccess. If output buffering is. ob_get_length — Return the length of the output buffer. First, call ob_start () at the beginning of your script to turn on output buffering. the *_clean variants just empty the buffer, whereas *_flush functions print what is in the buffer (send the contents to the output buffer). This is fine in contexts where you're outputting stuff directly, but sometimes you want to use that workflow, but capture the output instead of sending it to the browser. It is the same as the following statement, which might be better to understand: "If ob_get_level () returns a 'truthy' value (is not 0 but. We hope this article has been informative and useful in understanding the ob_start () function in PHP. 2. If you just want to clean the buffer after starting output buffering with. I use ob_start, ob_get_clean -- I don't think there's a WP function for this. British Columbia welcomes semi-skilled foreign nationals with in-demand jobs in Canada’s tourism,. I've choosed to use ob_start('callback') and ob_end_flush() at the end of the page. . I'm facing a weird problem when using the Elementor Wordpress Page Builder. Reload to refresh your session. output_callback. ob_end_clean () Deletes the topmost output buffer and all of its contents. then it's noted there "The output buffer must be started by ob_start() with PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_CLEANABLE flag. It is that the ob_start, ob_get_clean don't work synchronously in the view process causes the problem. 3. Function Reference Affecting PHP's Behaviour Output Control Output Control Functions Change language: Submit a Pull Request Report a Bug ob_clean (PHP 4 >= 4. log (ab_id_transakce); return empty variable because there is in php ob_get_clean (). After this you can move go on - even with only flush () instead of ob_flush (). If i remove line with ob_get_clean () ab_id_transakce have correct variable from form input. (PHP 4 4. The thing is that I am holding my own syntax and php inside the same file as mixed. ob_end_clean (): bool. Parameters. Aug 2, 2013Description ¶ ob_get_contents (): string|false Gets the contents of the output buffer without clearing it. ob_get_clean() essentially executes both ob_get_contents() and ob_end_clean(). Aug 21, 2011 at 18:15. Ok but is the ob_start(); method the best way to get the content, or does wordpress have a native function to do this. It all works fine on my Windows desktop test machine, but when I run it on the live host ob_get_contents() is empty. Is it possible to pause the output buffering in php so that I could skip the buffering on the table headers and resume again at the beginning of the actual content?Once ob_end_flush(), we need to recreate a fresh buffer again, if required. They are : callback parameter, Chunk Size. I pass the. ob_start () use. Definition and Usage. Cette fonction ne détruit pas le contenu du tampon de sortie comme peut le faire ob_end_clean () . ob_get_clean (): string|false. Edson's code works because the output buffer did not automatically get flushed because it doesn't exceed the buffer size (and the script isn't terminated obviously before the. This function does not destroy the output buffer like ob_end_clean () does. Usando ob_start le permite mantener el contenido en un buffer del lado del servidor hasta que esté listo para mostrarlo. You can use the library like so:Going by the comments of OP, I'm going to assume OP wants a timer on the command line and presume the <br> was meant to convey a newline. phpI am seeing some behavior from ob_start() and ob_end_*() that seems very counterintuitive. 14. If you want to use it for a larger buffer you have to edit your php. PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_FLUSH when calling ob_flush() (but not ob_end_flush() or ob_get_flush()) PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_CLEAN when calling ob_clean(), ob_end_clean() and ob_get_clean() PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_WRITE automaticflush; Phases start, final and flush (resp. 出力バッファはスタッカブルであり、このため、他の ob_start() がアクティブの間に ob_start() をコールすることが可能です。 この場合、 ob_end_flush() を適切な回数コールするようにしてください。 複数の出力コールバック関数がアクティブの場合、 ネストした順番で逐次連続的に出力がフィルタ. ob_get_flush — Flush the output buffer, return it as a string and turn off output buffering. Code Examples. If we want to. 4 ob_* functions. ob_get_clean() is returning the result of the buffer, and THEN cleaning it, triggering the callback which modifies the content. A timer on the command line, which clears the line every tick, could be construed as follows:Definition and Usage. My problem is that I want to keep the shopping cart live so I don't want to cache it. It does not return the actual buffer output. Alternatively, you can use ob_get_clean() instead of both ob_get_contents() and ob_end_clean(). The ob_start() function creates an output buffer. 1 Answer. 3. ob_get_clean() essentially executes both ob_get_contents() and ob_end_clean(). The output buffer must be started by ob_start() with PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_CLEANABLE and PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_REMOVABLE flags. I want to create Master Page or Layout with base style that will be contain Menu, footer and etc. Here in this program, we have used OB _ START ( ) function to create the output buffer, and the OB _ END _ CLEAN ( ) function will be used to clear all the data of the created buffer; therefore, only the text outside the B _ START ( ) function and OB _ END _ CLEAN ( ) function will be displayed. I'm making my first plugin and I have a problem with displaying my shortcode. The ob_get_clean() function stops buffering and returns whatever was output to the buffer after ob_start(). to wit: given: ob_start(); echo 'before'; ob_start(); echo 'second'; Viewed 2k times. <?php // 출력 버퍼링을 초기화 합니다. Nota: This function is similar to ob_end_flush(), except that this function also returns the. I am trying to get the browser timezone via JavaScript and capture it in a php variable with ob_start() and ob_get_clean. I have an issue with a shortcode that I'm writing for wordpress. Output Control 함수 목록. 2, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8). I think in this case they mean the same thing. Carolina 28; Sep 09, 2018 - Carolina 16 vs. Return Values. Hope that is alright. Otherwise ob_get_clean() will not work. What I am trying to do to get rid of buffer contents is using ob_end_clean() to empty the buffer completely. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. ob_start(); echo "Hello World!";. 0. ob_get_length (PHP 4 >= 4. There is a work-around for the situation you need to get length of the gz-ed buffer. 3. but. Descripción ¶. Otherwise ob_clean() will not work. Carolina has won 2 out of their last 3 games against Dallas. Follow. Share. ob_get_clean() essentially executes both ob_get_contents() and ob_end_clean(). ob_end_clean () Deletes the topmost output buffer and all of its contents. flush () may not be able to override the buffering scheme of your web server and it has no effect on any client-side buffering in the browser. This was a "teaching an old dog new tricks" mistake. Definition and Usage. By understanding the syntax and usage of the function, you can easily start output buffering and modify your output before sending it to the client. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. net for ob_clean(). I'd like to do something like get_file_contents({file}) then use that. . Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. You will need to store the new value somewhere because multiple instances of a script do not share variables just like that. There are a number of functions related to output buffering, but the two we’ll use are ob_start and ob_get_clean. 1 Answer Sorted by: 0 I was surprised by it as well, and the documentation could be more clear about this. This is not always the same as the number of characters because some characters may have more than one byte. To close all layers an prevent problems, do the following: while (@ob_end_clean ()) { // do nothing } This will delete all layers. x and PHP 5. The print data is. (The same goes for your call to core_function). I can see that copy returns TRUE or FALSE but can't get its message – Marin KovacevicI am trying to add a WooCommerce categories-dropdown-shortcode, but this seems to not work. g. In the spirit of neatness, my algorithm is: Open buffer; Do some things; Save the buffer to a string; Close the buffer; I'm getting the following notices at runtime for each loop case beyond the first case. Now, whenever we access index. I know that this is an old question but I wanted to write my answer for visual learners. This function discards the contents of the output buffer. ob_flush — Flush (send) the output buffer. I'm trying to create a way to show an image created with PHP/GD, in an OOP fashion. ob_get_clean() essentially executes both ob_get_contents() and ob_end_clean(). I have known for a long time that it closes the buffer and calls both ob_get_contents and ob_end_clean. If this function returns more than 0 you are still inside a buffer. I am using ob_start() and ob_get_contents() to setup a cache. This attempts to push current output all the way to the browser with a few caveats. Userの配列を通常のvar_dump()でダンプすると、以下の感じ。なお、私の環境はxdebugが入っていて、シンプルな出力形式になっていたことを知った。「xdebugがPHP環境に入っているかどうかでvar_dump()の出力形式が変わる」を参照のこと。Tour Start here for a quick overview of the site Help Center Detailed answers to any questions you might have Meta Discuss the workings and policies of this siteWhile returning from the function you have to use ob_start() and ob_get_clean() then alone you can get the result in the place where you need. One thing I have noticed here is sleep() function in combination with ob_start() and - THERE IS NO - ob_start() anywhere in the full code example, yet there is flush() and ob_flush(). Examples ¶ Example #1 A simple ob_get_contents () example <?php ob_start(); The definition should mention that the function also "turns off output buffering", not just cleans it. Using ob_start() and ob_get_clean() allows you to return HTML code from the shortcode. WordPress has great filter support for getting at all sorts of specific bits of content and modifying it before output. That means that when any PHP script starts, the first 4096 bytes of output get buffered (in a buffer flushable with ob_flush()). php"; include "view/header. ob_get_length — Return the length of the output buffer. To close all layers an prevent problems, do the following: while (@ob_end_clean ()) { // do nothing } This will delete all layers. I need to use ob_get_contents() because I am going to implement a simple caching mechanism that saves the the output to a file. Take a look at very simple example for PHP 5. While output buffering is active no output is sent from the script (other than headers), instead the output is stored in an internal buffer. Example 2:Collectives™ on Stack Overflow. Since the 2 statements follow eachother here, you're not intercepting anything at all. php,. I also want to be able to show the user the XML before hand. For example: use function OutputControl\ob_start; use function OutputControl\ob_end_flush; use function OutputControl\ob_get_clean; ob_start (); echo "Hello, world. If you don't buffer your output, it doesn't seem like it would be possible for a web server to output a Content-Length header. this is how I am inlcuding the html template. 既にob_start()で項で使用していましたが、ob_get_clean()は、ob_get_contents()とob_end_clean()と合体させたような便利な関数です。 1行でバッファと取得と既存のバッファの削除が同時に行える ため、汎用的に使用します。If you want, use output buffering with ob_start() and ob_get_clean() to get the output contents into a string which you can then use to fill out Content-Length. Return Values. This function takes a string as a parameter and should return a string. In order to accomplish that, I created a class that, among other things, creates an image. 참고 See also header() and setcookie() . It’s actually very simple: ob_start(); // start output. The ob_start () function don’t accepts any parameter specifically but it works by accepting some optional parameters. Hot Network Questions ob_flush — Flush (send) the output buffer. We initialize the Dompdf class, then we pass it the HTML page (the page. Jun 18, 2014 at 17:48. ob_clean (): bool. If I remove the ob_end_clean(); the output is hi hi. Share. 3. 4. Function. ) I started thinking about it after reading. Parameters ¶ This function has no parameters. Next I check if the error-handler catched any errors (will be written in an array in the error-handler's class) and if there are errors and error-display is enabled (developer. Sometimes it is turned on by default in PHP's configuration, and sometimes it is not. I am trying to get the browser timezone via JavaScript and capture it in a php variable with ob_start() and ob_get_clean. if you don't call ob_start() again with the ob_gzhandler callback function, the output will not be compressed, but the header will say it is. Actually, we can use type regulation - intval (ob_get_contents ()), for cheking On/Off output buffering, but it lays the possible problems in the future. Next time the browser send request, the session id. In this case, you just want to capture the output buffer and then. This way when you won’t go inside that “if”, you are closing the output buffer which wasn’t started by you. Example #1 A simple ob_get_length() example. One way of outputting a webpage to mPDF without re-writing your scripts too much, is to buffer the output: MpdfMpdf () - Initialise an instance of mPDF class, and specify configuration. Easiest way is with multiple ob_start(), ob_get_clean() calls that each log some portion of the request. ob_get_level() - Cho biết hiện đang có bao nhiêu bộ đệm đầu ra trên ngăn xếp. another plugin which started the first ob_start() calls ob_get_clean() you'll get unexpected results. ob_clean () Deletes all of the content from the topmost output buffer. It can be distinguish. ob_clean () Deletes all of the content from the topmost output buffer. Disabling output_buffering via php. There are two ways that I can think of at this moment. About the author. ob函数用于web场景，比如： 脚本未结束前（可能脚本执行时间较长），先输出部分内容La función ob_get_clean() es una función PHP incorporada que se utiliza para limpiar o eliminar el búfer de salida actual. Your shortcode callback is going to output content rather than return it which is why you're seeing it appear at the top of your page. Referral from July 3, 2014 . Before speaking about tags, you should understand how Twig works internally. It all works fine on my Windows desktop test machine, but when I run it on the live host ob_get_contents() is empty. ini and try to set it's value to "none" if possible. imagecreatetruecolor. ini settings to reflect that. Le tampon de sortie doit avoir été démarré avec la fonction ob_start () et le drapeau PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_CLEANABLE . php to html source code. I think what @toscho tried to say isn't that you can't nest, but that if for some reason you call ob_get_clean() before the code of e. It can be distinguish using binary operator &: Yes it is possible. Reload to refresh your session. 3. php, create_account. ob_get_level — Return the nesting level of the output buffering mechanism. html. 5. ob_get_clean () remove value of input. ob_start — Turn on output buffering. 1 the document fed to dompdf would be pre-processed using PHP's eval() function when DOMPDF_ENABLE_PHP was set to true. ob_start(): ob_start — Turn on output buffering. php some other way. ob_ get_ clean; ob_ get_ contents; ob_ get_ flush; ob_ get_ length; ob_ get_ level. This function does not destroy the output buffer like ob_end_flush. Tour Start here for a quick overview of the site Help Center Detailed answers to any questions you might have Meta Discuss the workings and policies of this siteParameters. php"; include "view/contact. Collectives™ on Stack Overflow – Centralized & trusted content around the technologies you use the most. We then use the ob_get_clean() function to get. ob_get_length () -출력 버퍼의 길이를 반환. "Thanks for your comment, but I want to call my function "loadScript()" sometimes with 1 vars for the "use" and sometimes with 5 vars or more for the "use", and I don't know if it is possible to do that (it's why I have put the array for the exemple (but I know that it's not possible with the array) but I search another way to do that, if it's possible of course. ob_clean (): bool. Returns all content captured by ob_start() ob_end_clean() Empties the output buffer and turns it off for the current nesting level: ob_get_clean() Triggers both ob_get_contents() and ob_end_clean() ob_get_level() Returns the current nesting level of the output buffer: ob_flush() Flush the content buffer and send it to the browser without ending. 2. ob_get_flush () flushes the output buffer, return it as a string and turns off output buffering. It's useful in cases where you may need to filter some output, or you're using a PHP method (such as var_dump) that writes output. Output buffer is used for compression like gzip as well. Custom wp_die wrapper. This function discards the contents of the topmost output buffer and turns off this output buffering. I need to display html source code form other php file. it will work as you would use ob_start with no. Perhaps I learned something new but still need to rework the static library of rendering functions ? –I'm new in CodeIgniter. ob_end_flush () Deletes the topmost output buffer and outputs its contents. Some filters, such as the “body_class” filter, allow us to modify the class names of an HTML element, and some filters have nothing to do with HTML at all. I can see the use of ob_start with the output_callback parameter set but I can't see the use of ob_start when calling it without any parameters set at all. Collectives™ on Stack Overflow – Centralized & trusted content around the technologies you use the most. –Try echo ob_get_level () to see in which layer you are. Whats the point of disabling output to later throw all the output at once? Doesn't this use more memory (server side) and slow downloads (client side) since the download starts only after the. . The idea is to not use <?php and ?> tags in the code but rather stand-ins START_PHP and END_PHP, which have no meaning to PHP. If you want to capture the output, wrap it in ob_start() and ob_get_clean()When using PHP as the back-end for SSE (Server Sent Events) and similar server streaming solutions, I have been using the @ob_flush();@flush() idiom to make sure the data gets spat out immediately. Oak Bay Preschool, Victoria, British Columbia.